A step-by-step guide on what to do during an epileptic seizure

Expert approved

Brian Faulkner

Veterinary Surgeon
RCVS Registered

It can be very frightening to witness your dog having a seizure, but knowing what to do can help you feel more in control. Here, Petplan veterinary expert Brian Faulkner shares his advice on what to do

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Epilepsy affects around 5% of dogs and is characterised by seizures or fits, which happen when the brain has an uncoordinated discharge of neurological activity. In many cases, dogs will have a single seizure with no lasting long-term impact. However, if fits happen a lot, say more than once a month, your vet may have recommended controlling them with medication. As you’ll know, most epileptic pets can continue to lead full and happy lives.

An epileptic seizure can occur at any time so being familiar with the following steps can help you feel more prepared:

1. Recognise the signs

Your dog is likely to feel a little strange just before a seizure and may behave unusually. If your dog fits regularly you may already be seeing a pattern emerge.

2. Keep calm

When your dog is having a fit, it’s important to remain calm. Remember, despite how it looks, your pet is not conscious and will not be in pain. By keeping quiet and calm, you’ll avoid adding any excessive sensory stimulation.

3. Risk assessment

Ensure your dog is not in a dangerous position, such as at the top of the stairs or by water. If they are, gently and slowly move them to safety. Quietly remove any items surrounding your dog that they could bang into while fitting.

4. Try not to move your dog

Unless your dog is at risk, don’t attempt to move them as this will increase sensory stimulation and could prolong the fit. Just ensure there is a clear space around them and wait for the seizure to stop.

5. Quietly does it

Decrease the amount of sensory stimulation during a seizure, reducing light, sound and touch as much as possible. Dim the lights if you can or close the curtains if you’re indoors. Turn off the television or radio and just speak softly to your dog. Don’t attempt to call their name as they start to come round, as you want the environment to be as quiet and calm as possible.

6. Hands off

Try not to stroke your dog during a fit, however instinctive this might be, as it can cause excessive stimulation. Also, don’t put your hand near your dog’s mouth during a fit. Your dog’s jaw tension will be significant, and they could unintentionally bite you, so stay clear of it. Dogs don’t ‘swallow their tongue’ and so won’t choke during a fit.

illustration of a man stroking a dog with a cross to signal not to do this during a seizure

7. When to call for help

If the seizure lasts for more than five minutes or if your dog has a second seizure within two to four hours, call your vet.

8. When it's all over

Once the seizure has ended, your dog will usually feel confused and disorientated. Gently reassure them and be guided by what they want to do. Keep an eye out for any further fits. Keep a note of the date, time and duration of the seizure as this will help your vet with decisions on medication. In future, if you’re able to, it’s useful to video any seizures so that your vet can get a more informed picture of your dog’s condition.

illustration of a man with a notepad recording the date and time of a seizure

Dr Brian Faulkner, MRCVS

Petplan Vet Expert

Brian is a long standing vet and President of the UK Society of Practising Veterinary Surgeons. He's worked in more than 250 veterinary practices as a clinician, consultant and confidence coach. Brian holds several academic positions, is a keynote speaker and the founder of Colourful CPD, and organisation providing training for veterinary practices.

Brian co-writes our articles on pet health, where we cover everything from common conditions to supporting your pet after an operation.

Find out more about Brian

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